Echolocation in bats and high-frequency hearing in their insect prey make bats and insects
an ideal system for studying the sensory ecology and neuroethology of predator–prey …

Wolves excitedly greet each other as members of the pack come together; a bumble bee
uses its long tongue to reach the nectar at the base of a foxglove flower; a mongoose swiftly …

Active echolocation enables bats to orient and hunt the night sky for insects. As a counter-
measure against the severe predation pressure many nocturnal insects have evolved ears …

Predation produces intense selection and a diversity of defences. Reactive defences are
triggered by predator cues, whereas proactive defences are always in effect. We assess …

Insect ears evolved many times independently. As a consequence, a striking diversity exists
in the location, construction and behavioural implementation of ears. In this review, we first …

Predator-prey co-evolution can escalate into an evolutionary arms race. 1 Examples of
insect countermeasures to bat echolocation are well-known, 2 but presumptive direct …

Arthropod–bat interactions are often considered as a base model for studying factors
underlying predator–prey coevolutionary processes. Bats developed ultrasonic echolocation …

Echolocating bats and eared moths are a model system of predator–prey interaction within
an almost exclusively auditory world. Through selective pressures from aerial-hawking bats …

Bats and toothed whales both emit ultrasonic pulses and listen for returning echoes in a
process known as echolocation. However, their biosonars are the results of independent …

The appearance of echolocating bats approximately 65 million years ago presented a life-or-
death challenge to nocturnally active insects, particularly those that fly at night. In response …