Pseudomonas syringae is one of the most common plant pathogens that infect the
phyllosphere. P. syringae can live on the plant surface as an epiphyte. To cause disease, it …

Rhizosphere microbes play critical roles for plant's growth and health. Among them, the
beneficial rhizobacteria have the potential to be developed as the biofertilizer or …

Nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are major immune receptors in
plants and animals. Upon activation, the Arabidopsis NLR protein ZAR1 forms a pentameric …

The plant immune system is fundamental for plant survival in natural ecosystems and for
productivity in crop fields. Substantial evidence supports the prevailing notion that plants …

Phosphatidic acid (PA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial cellular messengers
mediating diverse signaling processes in metazoans and plants. How PA homeostasis is …

Although virulence is typically attributed to single pathogenic strains, here we investigated
whether effectors secreted by a population of non-virulent strains could function as public …

Pathogenicity of most Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria depends on the type III
secretion (T3S) system, which translocates bacterial effector proteins into plant cells. Type III …

Effector-triggered immunity (ETI), induced by host immune receptors in response to
microbial effectors, protects plants against virulent pathogens. However, a systematic study …

Plant pathogens can cause serious diseases that impact global agriculture. The plant innate
immunity, when fully activated, can halt pathogen growth in plants. Despite extensive studies …

Active DNA demethylation has emerged as an important regulatory process of plant and
mammalian immunity. However, very little is known about the mechanisms by which active …