Cancer progression with uncontrolled tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis depends
largely on the proteolytic activity of numerous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which …

Cell invasion into the surrounding extracellular matrix or across tissue boundaries and
endothelial barriers occurs in both physiological and pathological scenarios such as …

Osteoclasts (OCLs) are hematopoietic cells whose physiological function is to degrade
bone. OCLs are key players in the processes that determine and maintain the mass, shape …

The balance between bone forming cells (osteoblasts/osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells
(osteoclasts) plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and bone repair. Several hormones …

Monocytes and macrophages are innate immune cells with diverse functions ranging from
phagocytosis of microorganisms to forming a bridge with the adaptive immune system. A …

Enveloped viruses gain entry into host cells by fusing with cellular membranes, a step that is
required for virus replication. Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory …

External apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment implicates specific molecular
pathways that orchestrate nonphysiologic cellular activation. To date, a substantial number …

Dock family proteins are evolutionary conserved exchange factors for the Rho GTPases Rac
and Cdc42. There are 11 Dock proteins in mammals, named Dock1 (or Dock180) to Dock11 …

Implant surface properties are a key factor in bone responses to metallic bone implants. In
view of the emerging evidence on the important role of osteoclasts in bone regeneration, we …

Multiple myeloma bone disease is characterized by the development of osteolytic bone
lesions. Recent work identified matrix metalloproteinase 13 as a myeloma-derived fusogen …