The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

Dopamine is well recognized as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and regulates critical
functions in a variety of peripheral systems. Growing research has also shown that …

The primate-exclusive MRGPRX2 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) has been suggested
to modulate pain and itch. Despite putative peptide and small-molecule MRGPRX2 agonists …

Astrocytes have long been regarded as essentially unexcitable cells that do not contribute to
active signaling and information processing in the brain. Contrary to this classical view, it is …

GABAA receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels and ionotropic receptors of GABA, the
main inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates. In this review, we discuss the major and …

Endogenous opioid peptides and prescription opioid drugs modulate pain, anxiety and
stress by activating opioid receptors, currently classified into four subtypes. Here we …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of pathological
conditions, mainly of genetic origin, characterized by stereotyped behavior, marked …

Glutamatergic synapses display a rich repertoire of plasticity mechanisms on many different
time scales, involving dynamic changes in the efficacy of transmitter release as well as …

The extracellular levels of excitatory amino acids are kept low by the action of the glutamate
transporters. Glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) …

Electrode miniaturization has profoundly revolutionized the field of electrochemical sensing,
opening up unprecedented opportunities for probing biological events with a high spatial …