Cryogenic fluids are used in a myriad of different applications not limited to green fuels,
medical devices, spacecraft, and cryoelectronics. In this review, we elaborate on these …

The understanding of the vaporization of cryogenic liquids spilled on solid ground is
essential for hazard assessments. Since the primary source of heat for vaporization comes …

The environmental concerns on the use of fossil fuels have incentivized the utilization of
cleaner solutions for energy supply. Natural gas in the form of a liquid (LNG) is considered a …

Reducing the boil-off rate of liquefied natural gas (LNG) stored in an LNG cargo containment
system (CCS) is one of the key concerns in the design of CCSs in terms of both safety and …

In this paper, a combined photographic and thermal study of interfacial behaviour during
boiling of liquid Nitrogen (LN 2) over the water surface is reported. As a phenomenon, film …

Expansion foam is a type of aqueous foam that is widely used for mitigating process safety
incident, ie, suppressing vapor dispersion, controlling fire and decontaminating chemical …

The accidental spilling of cryogenic liquid leads to formation of a spreading pool, which may
result in pool fires, BLEVE (boiled liquid evaporate vapor explosion) or vapor cloud fire, such …

The vaporization rate of pool boiling process of a liquid nitrogen spilled on concrete surface
was investigated by a visual experiment platform. The boiling curve for liquid nitrogen on …

Liquefaction of natural gas is an effective way to easily store and transport natural gas. A
spill of liquefied natural gas (LNG) can result in the formation of a vapor cloud, which can …

US regulation requires LNG facilities to demonstrate a safe exclusion zone for public safety.
European safety case also requires that the facility will demonstrate their risk level within a …