Heart failure (HF), the leading cause of death in the western world, develops when a cardiac
injury or insult impairs the ability of the heart to pump blood and maintain tissue perfusion. It …

Heart failure is a syndrome characterized initially by left ventricular dysfunction that triggers
countermeasures aimed to restore cardiac output. These responses are compensatory at …

Although many β 1-receptor antagonists and β 2-receptor agonists have been used in
pharmacotherapy for many years their pharmacological properties at all three known …

Objectives Marked interpatient variability exists in blood pressure response to β‐blocker
monotherapy. We tested the hypothesis that 2 common polymorphisms in the gene for β1 …

At present, nine adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes have been identified: α1A-, α1B-, α1D-, α2A-,
α2B-, α2C-, β1-, β2-, and β3AR. In the human heart, β1-and β2AR are the most powerful …

The current 'fixed-dosage strategy'approach to medicine, means there is much inter-
individual variation in drug response. Pharmacogenetics is the study of how inter-individual …

The concept of constitutively active G-protein-coupled receptors is now firmly rooted in
receptor pharmacology. Many independent research groups have contributed to its …

Many biological functions are executed by molecular machines, which like man-made
motors are powered by chemical energy, released by adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis …

ContextPrevious data support an association between polymorphisms of the β1-and β2-
adrenergic receptors (ADRB1 and ADRB2) and surrogate end points of response to β …