Proteins at interfaces play important roles in cell biology, immunology, bioengineering, and
biomimetic material design. Many biological processes are based on interfacial protein …

Proteins exhibit structural fluctuations over decades of time scales. From the picosecond
side chain motions to aggregates that form over the course of minutes, characterizing protein …

Reactions at the interface between water and other phases play important roles in nature
and in various chemical systems. Although some experimental and theoretical studies …

Second-order nonlinear spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool in elucidating key
chemical and structural characteristics at a variety of interfaces. However, the presence of …

From a glass of water to glaciers in Antarctica, water–air and ice–air interfaces are abundant
on Earth. Molecular-level structure and dynamics at these interfaces are key for …

Vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study
interfaces. Recently, multiplex heterodyne-detected VSFG (HD-VSFG) has been developed …

We present an overview of studies on the ultrafast dynamics of water at aqueous interfaces
carried out by time-resolved vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopies …

1. INTRODUCTION A fundamental understanding of chiral biomacromolecules at aqueous
interfaces is critical to studying a host of important phenomena in modern biology, chemistry …

Water interfaces provide the platform for many important biological, chemical, and physical
processes. The water–air interface is the most common and simple aqueous interface and …

Second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency spectroscopy (SFS) have provided
unique opportunities to probe surfaces and interfaces. They have found broad applications …