Objectives: This review aims to provide a framework for evaluating the utility of virtual reality
(VR) as a distraction intervention to alleviate pain and distress during medical procedures …

Evidence suggests that the perioperative period and the excision of the primary tumour can
promote the development of metastases—the main cause of cancer-related mortality. This …

Background The relationship between surgery and anesthetic-induced immunosuppression
and cancer recurrence remains unresolved. Surgery and anesthesia stimulate the …

Surgical resection is an important avenue for cancer treatment, which, in most cases, can
effectively alleviate the patient symptoms. However, accumulating evidence has …

Background: The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates glucose metabolism in
various organs including the kidneys. The sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) …

The development and progression of cancer depends on both tumor micro-and
macroenvironments. In addition, psychosocial and spiritual “environments” might also affect …

Surgery for the removal of a primary tumor presents an opportunity to eradicate cancer or
arrest its progression, but is also believed to promote the outbreak of pre-existing …

Surgery/anesthetic technique-stimulated immunosuppression in the perioperative period
might cause an increase in cancer-related mortality. Whether anesthetic technique can affect …

The immediate perioperative period (days before and after surgery) is hypothesized to be
crucial in determining long-term cancer outcomes: during this short period, numerous …

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents 95% of oral malignancies and invasion,
and metastasis underlies disease morbidity and mortality. We recently established a direct …