Osteoporosis, is the most common bone disorder worldwide characterized by low bone
mineral density, leaving affected bones vulnerable to fracture. Bone homeostasis depends …

Osteocytes are an ancient cell, appearing in fossilized skeletal remains of early fish and
dinosaurs. Despite its relative high abundance, even in the context of nonskeletal cells, the …

There is a large literature on the relationship between obesity and bone. What we can
conclude from this review is that the increase in body weight causes an increase in BMD …

Few investigators think of bone as an endocrine gland, even after the discovery that
osteocytes produce circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 that targets the kidney and …

Trabecular bone is a highly porous, heterogeneous, and anisotropic material which can be
found at the epiphyses of long bones and in the vertebral bodies. Studying the mechanical …

Recent studies have determined that the nervous system can sense and respond to signals
from skeletal tissue, a process known as skeletal interoception, which is crucial for …

The last decade has provided a virtual explosion of data on the molecular biology and
function of osteocytes. Far from being the “passive placeholder in bone,” this cell has been …

This review describes the role of bone cells and their surrounding matrix in maintaining
bone strength through the process of bone remodeling. Subsequently, this work focusses on …

As bones are levers for skeletal muscle to exert forces, both are complementary and
essential for locomotion and individual autonomy. In the past decades, the idea of a bone …

The human skeleton is a miracle of engineering, combining both toughness and light weight.
It does so because bones possess cellular mechanisms wherein external mechanical loads …