Cell walls are essential for plant growth and development, providing support and protection
from external environments. Callose is a glucan that accumulates in specialized cell wall …

The exocyst is an octameric protein complex that is implicated in the tethering of secretory
vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to SNARE-mediated fusion. Spatial and temporal …

Root system architecture (RSA), the distribution of roots in soil, plays a major role in plant
survival. RSA is shaped by multiple developmental processes that are largely governed by …

The exocyst, an evolutionarily conserved octameric protein complex involved in exocytosis,
has been reported to be involved in diverse aspects of morphogenesis in Arabidopsis …

Polarized exocytosis is essential for many vital processes in eukaryotic cells, where
secretory vesicles are targeted to distinct plasma membrane domains characterized by their …

Plant pathogens are perceived by pattern recognition receptors, which are activated upon
binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Ubiquitination and vesicle …

Exocytosis plays an important role in plant–microbe interactions, in both pathogenesis and
symbiosis. Exo70 proteins are integral components of the exocyst, an octameric complex …

A diversity of plant-associated organisms secrete effectors—proteins and metabolites that
modulate plant physiology to favor host infection and colonization. However, effectors can …

Autophagic transport to the vacuole represents an endomembrane trafficking route, which is
widely used in plants, not only during stress situations, but also for vacuole biogenesis and …

Tip growth is employed throughout the plant kingdom. Our understanding of tip growth has
benefited from modern tools in molecular genetics, which have enabled the functional …