Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants are a mainstay for the prevention and treatment of
thrombosis. However, despite advances in antithrombotic therapy, a fundamental challenge …

Hemostasis and thrombosis are believed to be so intricately linked that any strategies that
reduce thrombosis will have an inevitable impact on hemostasis. Consequently, bleeding is …

Although surgery was the mainstay of treatment for valvular heart disease, transcatheter
valve therapies have grown exponentially over the past decade. Two types of artificial heart …

The plasma coagulation system in mammalian blood consists of a cascade of enzyme
activation events in which serine proteases activate the proteins (proenzymes and …

Blood‐contacting medical devices, such as vascular grafts, stents, heart valves, and
catheters, are often used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Thrombus formation is a common …

Blood-contacting medical devices are an integral part of modern medicine. Such devices
may be used for only a few hours or may be implanted for life. Despite advances in …

Combinations of proinflammatory and procoagulant reactions are the unifying principle for a
variety of disorders affecting the cardiovascular system. The factor XII–driven contact system …

Anticoagulants are the cornerstone for prevention and treatment of thrombosis but are not
completely effective, and concerns about the risk of bleeding continue to limit their uptake …

Background Activated coagulation factor XI (FXIa) contributes to the development and
propagation of thrombosis but plays only a minor role in hemostasis; therefore, it is an …

Despite advances in anticoagulant therapy, thrombosis remains the leading cause of
morbidity and mortality worldwide. Heparin and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), the first …