This review delves into the pivotal primordial stage of the universe, a period that holds the
key to understanding its current state. To fully grasp this epoch, it is essential to consider …

We investigate the appropriateness of the use of different Lagrangians to describe various
components of the cosmic energy budget, discussing the degeneracies between them in the …

We show that gravitational theories with a nonminimal coupling (NMC) to the matter fields
lead to a violation of Etherington's distance-duality relation, which relates the luminosity and …

In the context of general relativity, both energy and linear-momentum constraints lead to the
same equation for the evolution of the speed of free localized particles with fixed proper …

In the present work we show that the second law of thermodynamics does not generally hold
if the matter and gravitational fields are nonminimally coupled. We demonstrate this result by …

In the standard model of cosmology, the background evolution of the Universe can in
general be adequately described by general relativity and a uniform and isotropic metric …

In the standard model of cosmology, the background evolution of the Universe can in
general be adequately described by general relativity and a uniform and isotropic metric …