Pheromones were identified as chemical signals used for intraspecific communication in
insects (eg, sexual attraction) in the 1950s. However, only almost 40 years later the …

Pheromonal communication is an ancient and pervasive sensory modality in urodelan
amphibians. One family of salamander pheromones (the sodefrin precursor-like factor (SPF) …

Many animals exchange chemicals during courtship and mating. In some amphibians,
sexual chemical communication is mediated by pheromones produced in male breeding …

Proteinaceous pheromones that diversify through gene duplication can result in shifts in
courtship cocktails that may serve as a mechanism for reproductive isolation. The molecular …

Many amphibian species possess male-specific secretory breeding glands. In anurans, such
specialized glands are often present as nuptial pads at the first digit of the hand, which are …

Sex pheromones have been shown to constitute a crucial aspect of salamander
reproduction. Until now, courtship pheromones of Salamandridae and Plethodontidae have …

In many amphibians, males have sexually dimorphic breeding glands, which can produce
proteinaceous or volatile pheromones, used for intraspecific communication. In this study we …

Amphibians are well-known for their ability to produce and secrete a mixture of bioactive
substances in specialized skin glands for the purpose of antibiotic self-protection and …

Plethodontid salamander courtship is an elaborate yet conserved set of behaviors that
involve many different sensory signals. Exocrine glands in the skin produce pheromones …

Animal sex pheromone systems often exist as multicomponent signals [1–11] to which
chemical cues have been added over evolutionary time. Little is known on why and how …