The concept of reinforcement is at least incomplete and almost certainly incorrect. An
alternative way of organizing our understanding of behavior may be built around three …

It has long been understood that food deliveries may act as signals of future food location,
and not only as strengtheners of prefood responding as the law of effect suggests. Recent …

The idea that reinforcers control behaviour because they alter behaviour's strength has been
key to both research and practice in behaviour analysis. Yet despite substantial research …

The traditional molecular view of behavior explains extinction as the dissipation or inhibition
of strength, formerly built up by contiguous reinforcement. In obstinate opposition to this …

When the availability of reinforcers depends on time since an event, time functions as a
discriminative stimulus. Behavioral control by elapsed time is generally weak, but may be …

Stimuli that provide information about likely future reinforcers tend to shift behavior, provided
a reliable relation between the stimulus and the reinforcer can be discriminated. Stimuli that …

Responding on concurrent schedules produced a conditional discrimination (Phases 1 and
2), asking either which peck produced the event, or which color the keys were when the …

The study and use of punishment in behavioral treatments has been constrained by ethical
concerns. However, there remains a need to reduce harmful behavior unable to be reduced …

Preference pulses are thought to represent strong, short‐term effects of reinforcers on
preference in concurrent schedules. However, the general shape of preference pulses is …

Reinforcers may increase operant responding via a response‐strengthening mechanism
whereby the probability of the preceding response increases, or via some discriminative …