The taxonomy and systematics of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are one
of the pillars of research aimed to identifying vector populations and the agents transmitted …

Background Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are important vectors of
various human and animal pathogens such as Bartonella bacilliformis, Phlebovirus, and …

Ticks are considered the second vector of human and animal diseases after mosquitoes.
Therefore, identification of ticks and associated pathogens is an important step in the …

Arthropod vectors have historically been identified morphologically, and more recently using
molecular biology methods. However, both of these methods are time-consuming and …

Background Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass
spectrometry (MS) has become a widely used technique for the rapid and accurate …

Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus) have reemerged as a major public health
problem around the world. Their bites cause various skin lesions as well as discomfort and …

A species complex (= species group, species series) is an assemblage of species, which are
related morphologically and phylogenetically. Recent research has revealed several …

Invertebrate pests and parasites of humans, animals, and plants continue to cause serious
diseases and remain as a high treat to agricultural productivity and storage. The rapid and …

Background Malaria is still a major public health issue worldwide, and one of the best
approaches to fight the disease remains vector control. The current methods for mosquito …

Background Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
technology (MALDI-TOF MS) is an innovative tool that has been shown to be effective for the …