It has long been assumed that social animals, such as humans, are born with a brain system
that has evolved to support social affiliation. However, the evidence does not necessarily …

The role of peripheral physiology in the experience of emotion has been debated since the
19th century following the seminal proposal by William James that somatic responses to …

Early life stress (ELS), in the form of childhood maltreatment, abuse, or neglect, increases
the risk for psychiatric sequelae later in life. The neurobiology of response to early stress …

Epidemiological data demonstrate that while women report lower rates of drug use than
men, the number of current drug users and abusers who are women continues to increase …

Drug addiction may be associated with a loss of executive control over maladaptive
incentive habits. We hypothesize that these incentive habits result from a pathological …

Background The high prevalence and burden to society of drug abuse and addiction is
undisputed. However, its conceptualisation as a brain disease is controversial, and …

Parental substance abuse is a serious problem affecting the well-being of children and
families. The co-occurrence of parental substance abuse and problematic parenting is …

Suicidality is exceedingly prevalent in pain patients. Although the pathophysiology of this
link remains unclear, it may be potentially related to the partial congruence of physical and …

Substance use and abuse begin during adolescence. Male and female adolescent humans
initiate use at comparable rates, but males increase use faster. In adulthood, more men than …

Two major questions about addictive behaviors need to be explained by any worthwhile
neurobiological theory. First, why do people seek drugs in the first place? Second, why do …