Epilepsy is broadly characterized by aberrant neuronal excitability. Glutamate is the
predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain; thus, much of past …

Galanin was first identified 30 years ago as a" classic neuropeptide," with actions primarily
as a modulator of neurotransmission in the brain and peripheral nervous system. Other …

The tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) is the major source of histaminergic innervation of the
mammalian brain and is thought to play a major role in regulating wake–sleep states. We …

The dorsal horns of the spinal cord and the trigeminal nuclei in the brainstem contain neuron
populations that are critical to process sensory information. Neurons in these areas are …

Orphanin FQ (OFQ) is the endogenous agonist of the opioid receptor‐like receptor (ORL‐1).
It and its precursor, prepro‐OFQ, exhibit structural features suggestive of the opioid peptides …

The ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) is a group of sleep-active neurons that has been
identified in the hypothalamus of rats and is thought to inhibit the major ascending …

Neuropeptides are auxiliary messenger molecules that always co-exist in nerve cells with
one or more small molecule (classic) neurotransmitters. Neuropeptides act both as …

In the present study the localization of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide
(PACAP)‐expressing cell bodies and PACAP projections were mapped in the adult rat brain …

Studies over the last decade have shown that the basal forebrain (BF) consists of more than
its cholinergic neurons. The BF also contains non-cholinergic neurons, including γ …

Experimental evidence indicates that catecholamines are able to modulate information
processing in the amygdaloid complex. The dense catecholaminergic innervation of the …