Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by a low glomerular filtration rate or high
albuminuria, and affects 15–20% of adults globally. CKD increases the risk of various …

Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide; in the USA, it
accounts for over 50% of individuals entering dialysis or transplant programmes. Unlike …

Document Reviewers: Luis Alcocer (Mexico), Christina Antza (Greece), Mustafa Arici
(Turkey), Eduardo Barbosa (Brazil), Adel Berbari (Lebanon), Luıs Bronze (Portugal), John …

This review covers the last 80 years of remarkable progress in the development of
mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists (MRAs) from synthesis of the first …

This is an opportune time to publish the first KDIGO 2020 Clinical Practice Guideline for
Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Worldwide, the estimated number …

Chronic activation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) promotes and
perpetuates the syndromes of congestive heart failure, systemic hypertension, and chronic …

Background Spironolactone is effective at reducing blood pressure in patients with
uncontrolled resistant hypertension. However, the use of spironolactone in patients with …

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are key agents in guideline‐oriented drug
therapy for cardiovascular diseases such as chronic heart failure with reduced ejection …

Background Finerenone reduced risk of cardiorenal outcomes in patients with CKD and type
2 diabetes in the FIDELIO-DKD trial. We report incidences and risk factors for hyperkalemia …

Importance Steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, when added to a renin-
angiotensin system blocker, further reduce proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney …