Why do some countries emerge from civil war more democratic than when they entered into
it, while others remain staunchly autocratic? Observers widely depict internal conflict as a …

Seventeen million people have died in civil wars and rebel violence has disrupted the lives
of millions more. In a fascinating contribution to the active literature on civil wars, this book …

Despite the frequent participation of women in armed groups, few studies have sought to
explain the variation in their roles across different rebellions. Herein, we investigate this …

Scholars have spent decades investigating various sources of rebellion, from societal and
institutional explanations to individual motivations to take up arms against one's …

In this article, we present the most up-to-date, fine-grained, global dataset on external
support in armed conflicts: the UCDP External Support Dataset (ESD). The dataset …

In the midst of civil war, rebel groups often expend significant resources opening offices in
foreign capitals, meeting with heads of state, expanding their overseas networks, appealing …

Whether and how violence can be controlled to spare innocent lives is a central issue in
international relations. The most ambitious effort to date has been the International Criminal …

In the course of civil war, it is not unusual for armed rebels, who are fighting to either take
control of a state or create a new one, to create state-like governing institutions. For …

Research on rebel behavior focuses on the violent conduct of these groups. Work on rebel
governance, however, has documented the myriad ways in which rebel groups seek to gain …

Studies of conflicts involving the use of surrogates focus largely on states, viewing the
relationship between sponsors and proxies primarily as one in which states utilize nonstate …