In patients with Parkinson's disease, heterogeneous cholinergic system changes can occur
in different brain regions. These changes correlate with a range of clinical features, both …

Dementia is a frequent problem encountered in advanced stages of Parkinson disease (PD).
In recent years, research has focused on the pre-dementia stages of cognitive impairment in …

This article reviews and summarizes 200 years of Parkinson's disease. It comprises a
relevant history of Dr. James Parkinson's himself and what he described accurately and …

Currently, enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission via cholinesterase inhibitors
represents the main available approach to treat cognitive and behavioural symptoms of the …

In the long-term, with progression of the illness, Parkinson's disease dementia affects up to
90% of patients with Parkinson's disease. With increasing life expectancy in western …

Highlights•GLP-1 analogs can cross the blood–brain barrier and stimulate the GLP-1
receptor in the brain.•Stimulation of the GLP-1 receptor has shown effects on mitochondrial …

It has been well established that neuronal loss within the cholinergic nucleus basalis of
Meynert (nbM) correlates with cognitive decline in dementing disorders such as Alzheimer's …

Cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease is gaining increased clinical
significance owing to the relative success of therapeutic approaches to the motor symptoms …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative
disorder mainly in middle‐elderly population, which represents diverse nonmotor symptoms …

Dementia has been increasingly more recognized to be a common feature in patients with
Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in old age. Specific criteria for the clinical diagnosis of …