Protein phosphorylation is a major regulator of protein function and biological outcomes.
This was first recognized through functional biochemical experiments, and in the past …

The ability to study cellular physiology using photosensitive, genetically encoded molecules
has profoundly transformed neuroscience. The modern optogenetic toolbox includes …

Affibody molecules are small (6.5-kDa) affinity proteins based on a three-helix bundle
domain framework. Since their introduction 20 years ago as an alternative to antibodies for …

Sensory photoreceptors underpin light-dependent adaptations of organismal physiology,
development, and behavior in nature. Adapted for optogenetics, sensory photoreceptors …

Inactivation of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery has
been reported to cause autophagic defects, but the exact functions of ESCRT proteins in …

Red light penetrates deep into mammalian tissues and has low phototoxicity, but few
optogenetic tools that use red light have been developed. Here we present MagRed, a red …

Chemists, biologists, and material scientists alike have long sought to control protein
presentation, orientation, and activity within biomaterials to dictate reaction catalysis …

Optogenetic and chemogenetic control of proteins has revealed otherwise inaccessible
facets of signaling dynamics. Here, we use light-or ligand-sensitive domains to modulate the …

A universal gain-of-function approach for selective and temporal control of protein activity in
living systems is crucial to understanding dynamic cellular processes. Here we report …

The concept of engineering robust protein scaffolds for novel binding functions emerged 20
years ago, one decade after the advent of recombinant antibody technology. Early examples …