The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling cascade is essential for cell inter-and intra-
cellular communication, which regulates fundamental cell functions such as growth, survival …

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is commonly
upregulated in cancers such as in non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer …

RAF family kinases were among the first oncoproteins to be described more than 30 years
ago. They primarily act as signalling relays downstream of RAS, and their close ties to …

While crop yields have historically increased, drought resistance has become a major
concern in the context of global climate change. The trade-off between crop yield and …

The forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factor family is a key player in an evolutionary
conserved pathway downstream of insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors. The …

Several mechanisms have been proposed for histone marks to exert their functions,
including altering the physical properties of nucleosomes by neutralization of charge via …

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases comprise a family of ubiquitous proline-directed,
protein-serine/threonine kinases, which participate in signal transduction pathways that …

Widmann, Christian, Spencer Gibson, Matthew B. Jarpe, and Gary L. Johnson. Mitogen-
Activated Protein Kinase: Conservation of a Three-Kinase Module From Yeast to Human …

The programmed cell death that occurs as part of normal mammalian development was first
observed nearly a century ago (Collin 1906). It has since been established that …

Contemporary climatic stress seriously affects rice production. Unfortunately, long-term
domestication and improvement modified the phytohormones network to achieve the …