Snow is a major determinant of forage availability for reindeer and caribou (Rangifer
tarandus; hereafter Rangifer) in winter and is, consequently, a medium through which …

Climate change causes far‐reaching disruption in nature, where tolerance thresholds
already have been exceeded for some plants and animals. In the short term, deer may …

There has been a recent surge of interest in remote sensing and its use in ecology and
conservation but this is the first book to focus explicitly on the NDVI (Normalised Difference …

This review highlights the latest developments associated with the use of the Normalized
Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in ecology. Over the last decade, the NDVI has proven …

Because many large mammal species have wide geographical ranges, spatially distant
populations may be confronted with different sets of environmental conditions. Investigating …

Large herbivore populations respond strongly to remotely sensed measures of primary
productivity. Whereas most studies in seasonal environments have focused on the effects of …

The knowledge regarding the spatial ecology of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in different
environments is crucial if effective management actions are to be designed. However, this …

The productive performance of large ungulates in extensive pastoral grazing systems is
modulated simultaneously by the effects of climate change and human intervention …

Population densities of large herbivores are determined by the diverse effects of density-
dependent and independent environmental factors. In this study, we used the official 1998 …

The way that plants and animals respond to climate change varies widely among species,
but the biological features underlying their actual response remains largely unknown. Here …