Chemokines are crucial inflammatory mediators needed during an immune response to
clear pathogens. However, their excessive release is the main cause of hyperinflammation …

The CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis has generated increasing interest in recent years due to its
association with the progression of cancer. Although first described as a chemotactic …

Cancer therapy has developed around the concept of killing, or stopping the growth of, the
cancer cells. Molecularly targeted therapy is the modern expression of this paradigm …

Chemokines, which have chemotactic abilities, are comprised of a family of small cytokines
with 8-10 kilodaltons. Chemokines work in immune cells by trafficking and regulating cell …

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic
symptoms (DiHS/DRESS) is a potentially fatal multiorgan inflammatory disease associated …

Chemokines and their G-protein-coupled receptors play a diverse role in immune defence
by controlling the migration, activation and survival of immune cells. They are also involved …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are activated by a diverse range of ligands, from large
proteins and proteases to small peptides, metabolites, neurotransmitters and ions. They are …

The anti-tumor activities of some members of the chemokine family are often overcome by
the functions of many chemokines that are strongly and causatively linked with increased …

Breast cancer is one of the most severe problems, and it is the primary cause of cancer-
related death in females worldwide. The adverse effects and therapeutic resistance …

Inhibitory receptors expressed on T cells control immune responses while limiting
autoimmunity. However, tumors can hijack these “checkpoints” for protection from immune …