Over the past decade, a genomics revolution, made possible through the development of
high-throughput sequencing, has triggered considerable progress in the study of ancient …

Under favorable conditions DNA can survive for thousands of years in the remains of dead
organisms. The DNA extracted from such remains is invariably degraded to a small average …

Environmental DNA (eDNA) refers to DNA that can be extracted from environmental
samples (such as soil, water, feces, or air) without the prior isolation of any target organism …

Although a rich record of Pleistocene human-associated archaeological assemblages
exists, the scarcity of hominin fossils often impedes the understanding of which hominins …

We present a high-quality genome sequence of a Neanderthal woman from Siberia. We
show that her parents were related at the level of half-siblings and that mating among close …

Single-cell genomics is important for biology and medicine. However, current whole-
genome amplification (WGA) methods are limited by low accuracy of copy-number variation …

Duplex Sequencing (DS) is a next-generation sequencing methodology capable of
detecting a single mutation among> 1× 107 wild-type nucleotides, thereby enabling the …

The challenge of sequencing ancient DNA has led to the development of specialized
laboratory protocols that have focused on reducing contamination and maximizing the …

Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of
Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft …

Genome sequences are known for two archaic hominins—Neanderthals and Denisovans—
which interbred with anatomically modern humans as they dispersed out of Africa. We …