Animal camouflage has long been used to illustrate the power of natural selection, and
provides an excellent testbed for investigating the trade‐offs affecting the adaptive value of …

Many animals use vision to detect, discriminate, or recognize important objects such as prey,
predators, homes, or mates. These objects may differ in color and brightness—having …

The world in color presents a dazzling dimension of phenotypic variation. Biological interest
in this variation has burgeoned, due to both increased means for quantifying spectral …

One of the most striking outcomes of coevolution between species is egg mimicry by brood
parasitic birds, resulting from rejection behavior by discriminating host parents. Yet, how …

The recognition that animals sense the world in a different way than we do has unlocked
important lines of research in ecology and evolutionary biology. In practice, the subjective …

Coevolutionary arms races are a potent force in evolution, and brood parasite–host
dynamics provide classical examples. Different host‐races of the common cuckoo, Cuculus …

Background Colour vision in birds can be categorized into two classes, the ultraviolet (UVS)
and violet sensitive (VS). Their phylogenetic distributions have traditionally been regarded …

Birds have impressive physiological adaptations for colour vision, including tetrachromacy
and coloured oil droplets, yet it is not clear exactly how well birds can discriminate the …

Studies on the prevalence of feather pecking in different commercial laying hen systems and
its welfare and economic impacts are reviewed in the following paper. Current methods for …

The butterfly Heliconius erato can see from the UV to the red part of the light spectrum with
color vision proven from 440 to 640 nm. Its eye is known to contain three visual pigments …