The rotation of a star and the revolutions of its planets are not necessarily aligned. This
article reviews the measurement techniques, key findings, and theoretical interpretations …

The basic geometry of the Solar System—the shapes, spacings, and orientations of the
planetary orbits—has long been a subject of fascination as well as inspiration for planet …

Exoplanets smaller than Neptune are common around red dwarf stars (M dwarfs), with those
that transit their host star constituting the bulk of known temperate worlds amenable for …

ABSTRACT The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is a NASA-sponsored
Explorer mission that will perform a wide-field survey for planets that transit bright host stars …

We have established precise planet radii, semimajor axes, incident stellar fluxes, and stellar
masses for 909 planets in 355 multi-planet systems discovered by Kepler. In this sample, we …

Studies of exoplanet demographics require large samples and precise constraints on
exoplanet host stars. Using the homogeneous Kepler stellar properties derived using the …

Our understanding of planet formation has been rapidly evolving in recent years. The
classical planet formation theory, developed when the only known planetary system was our …

Abstract 'Hot super-Earths'(or 'mini-Neptunes') between one and four times Earth's size with
period shorter than 100 d orbit 30–50 per cent of Sun-like stars. Their orbital configuration …

Planets intermediate in size between the Earth and Neptune, and orbiting closer to their host
stars than Mercury does the Sun, are the most common type of planet revealed by exoplanet …

Planets with radii between that of the Earth and Neptune (hereafter referred to as 'sub-
Neptunes') are found in close-in orbits around more than half of all Sun-like stars,. However …