Melt extraction from the partially molten mantle is among the fundamental processes
shaping the solid Earth today and over geological time. A diversity of properties and …

Chemical heterogeneity, produced by the near-surface rock cycle and dominated
volumetrically by subducted oceanic crust and its depleted residue, is continuously …

This hands-on introduction to numerical geodynamic modelling provides a solid grounding
in the necessary mathematical theory and techniques, including continuum mechanics and …

Deep-Earth volatile cycles couple the mantle with near-surface reservoirs. Volatiles are
emitted by volcanism and, in particular, from mid-ocean ridges, which are the most prolific …

Glacial cycles redistribute water between oceans and continents, causing pressure changes
in the upper mantle, with consequences for the melting of Earth's interior. Using Plio …

The Earth's deep interior contains significant reservoirs of volatiles such as H, C, and N. Due
to the incompatible nature of these volatile species, it has been difficult to reconcile their …

Experimental studies of mantle petrology find that small concentrations of water and carbon
dioxide have a large effect on the solidus temperature and distribution of melting in the …

In many text books of fluid dynamics, and for most students, the word “fluid” refers to one of
the states of matter, either liquid or gaseous, in contrast to the solid state. This definition is …

Fingering, veining, channelling and focussing of porous fluids are widely observed
phenomena in the Earth's interior, driving a range of geo-processes across all scales. While …

Evidence for chemical heterogeneity of the mantle is found at most mid-ocean ridges, yet we
are only beginning to develop a theoretical understanding of how this heterogeneity affects …