Abstract Our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the
nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors (2011) contained a number of …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of receptors in the human
genome and some of the most common drug targets. It is now well established that GPCRs …

A great deal of experimental evidence suggests that ligands can stabilize different receptor
active states that go on to interact with cellular signaling proteins to form a range of different …

Constitutive receptor activity/inverse agonism and functional selectivity/biased agonism are
2 concepts in contemporary pharmacology that have major implications for the use of drugs …

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) convey signals across membranes via interaction with
G proteins. Originally, an individual GPCR was thought to signal through one G protein …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most tractable classes of drug targets.
These dynamic proteins can adopt multiple active states that are linked to distinct functional …

The A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) subtype is a novel, promising therapeutic target for
inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis, as well as liver …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal through both G-protein-dependent and G-
protein-independent pathways, and β-arrestin recruitment is the most recognized one of the …

Highlights•μ-OR biased agonists represent promising analgesics with improved therapeutic
profiles.•Protein-ligand interactions might account for biased ligands functional …

Adenosine receptors (ARs) comprise the P1 class of purinergic receptors and belong to the
largest family of integral membrane proteins in the human genome, the G protein-coupled …