During the past 85 years of antibiotic use, we have learned a great deal about how these
'miracle'drugs work. We know the molecular structures and interactions of these drugs and …

Antibiotics target energy-consuming processes. As such, perturbations to bacterial metabolic
homeostasis are significant consequences of treatment. Here, we describe three postulates …

Drug combinations are widely used in clinical practice to prevent the evolution of resistance.
However, little is known about the effect of tolerance, a different mode of survival, on the …

Several promising strategies based on combining or cycling different antibiotics have been
proposed to increase efficacy and counteract resistance evolution, but we still lack a deep …

Colistin is an antibiotic of last resort, but has poor efficacy and resistance is a growing
problem. Whilst it is well established that colistin disrupts the bacterial outer membrane (OM) …

Understanding the evolution of microorganisms under antibiotic treatments is a burning
issue. Typically, several resistance mutations can accumulate under antibiotic treatment …

Biofilms are communities of bacteria forming high-density sessile colonies. Such a lifestyle
comes associated with costs and benefits: while the growth rate of biofilms is often lower …

Growth rate and metabolic state of bacteria have been separately shown to affect antibiotic
efficacy,–. However, the two are interrelated as bacterial growth inherently imposes a …

A unique, protective cell envelope contributes to the broad drug resistance of the
nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. Here we use transposon insertion …

The history of modern medicine cannot be written apart from the history of the antibiotics.
Antibiotics are cytotoxic secondary metabolites that are isolated from Nature. The …