Natural products are favored because of their non-toxicity, low irritants, and market
reacceptance. We collected examples, according to ancient wisdom, of natural products to …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Chloasma, senile plaques, vitiligo and other pigmentary
disorders seriously affect patients' appearance and life quality. Medicinal plant is the product …

Gallic acid is one of the major flavonoids found in plants. It acts as an antioxidant, and
seems to have anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-cancer properties. In this study, we …

Tyrosinase, a rate-limiting enzyme for melanin production, has been the most efficient target
for the development of depigmenting agents. Although hydroquinone, kojic acid, and arbutin …

The development of antimelanogenic agents is important for the prevention of serious
aesthetic problems such as melasma, freckles, age spots and chloasma. The aim of this …

Ganoderma lucidum, a species of the Basidiomycetes class, has been attracting
international attention owing to its wide variety of biological activities and great potential as …

Ethnopharmacological relevance The plants of the genus Nardostachys (Caprifoliaceae)
have been used for a long history in different cultural systems of medicine, including …

Objective This study investigated the role and mechanism of action of G protein-coupled
estrogen receptor (GPER) in melanogenesis. Methods GPER expression was detected in …

Melanin performs a crucial role in protecting the skin against harmful ultraviolet light.
However, hyperpigmentation may lead to aesthetic problems and disorders such as solar …

One of the serious aesthetic problems in human beings is skin darkening which is more
prevalent in middle aged and elderly individuals. Skin whitening is the practice of using …