Beta-cell mass regulation represents a critical issue for understanding diabetes, a disease
characterized by a near-absolute (type 1) or relative (type 2) deficiency in the number of …

Pancreas morphogenesis and cell differentiation are highly conserved among vertebrates
during fetal development. The pancreas develops through simple budlike structures on the …

In addition to genetic predisposition, environmental and lifestyle factors contribute to the
pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Epigenetic changes may provide the link for …

We have previously reported that the loss of Arx and/or Pax4 gene activity leads to a shift in
the fate of the different endocrine cell subtypes in the mouse pancreas, without affecting the …

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to generate any human cell type,
and one widely recognized goal is to make pancreatic β cells. To this end, comparisons …

To date, more than 30 genes have been linked to monogenic diabetes. Candidate gene and
genome-wide association studies have identified> 50 susceptibility loci for common type 1 …

The coding variant (p. Arg192His) in the transcription factor PAX4 is associated with an
altered risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in East Asian populations. In mice, Pax4 is essential for …

The α and β cells act in concert to maintain blood glucose. The α cells release glucagon in
response to low levels of glucose to stimulate glycogenolysis in the liver. In contrast, β cells …

Activin was discovered in the 1980's as a gonadal protein that stimulated FSH release from
pituitary gonadotropes and was thought of as a reproductive hormone. In the ensuing …

Alpha and beta cells act in concert to maintain blood glucose. Alpha cells release glucagon
in response to low glucose to stimulate glycogenolysis in the liver. In contrast, beta cells …