Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a transmembrane chemokine expressed by neurons in the
central nervous system (CNS). CX3CL1 signals through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, that is …

Neuroinflammation was initially thought of as a consequence of neurodegenerative disease
pathology, but more recently it is becoming clear that it plays a significant role in the …

Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures due to hyperexcitability and
hypersynchrony of brain neurons. Current theories of pathophysiology stress neuronal …

Epilepsy has remained a significant social concern and financial burden globally. Current
therapeutic strategies are based primarily on neurocentric mechanisms that have not proven …

Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorders that have diverse etiologies but are
commonly characterized by spontaneous seizures and behavioral comorbidities. Although …

Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain that constitute the brain's innate immune
system. Recent studies have revealed various functions of microglia in the development and …

Structural and functional collapse of the balance between excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I)
synapses, ie, synaptic E/I balance, underlies the pathogeneses of various central nervous …

Epilepsy is one of most common chronic neurological disorders, and the antiseizure
medications developed by targeting neurocentric mechanisms have not effectively reduced …

Epilepsy is a group of enduring neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous and
recurrent seizures with heterogeneous etiology, clinical expression, severity, and prognosis …

Objective Microgliosis occurs in animal models of acquired epilepsy and in patients. It
includes cell proliferation that is associated with seizure frequency and decreased neuronal …