Transfer RNA (tRNA) is an adapter molecule that links a specific codon in mRNA with its
corresponding amino acid during protein synthesis. tRNAs are enzymatically modified post …

Abstract tRNAs are key partners in ribosome-dependent protein synthesis. This process is
highly dependent on the fidelity of tRNA aminoacylation by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases …

The study of eukaryotic tRNA processing has given rise to an explosion of new information
and insights in the last several years. We now have unprecedented knowledge of each step …

The chemical identity of RNA molecules beyond the four standard ribonucleosides has
fascinated scientists since pseudouridine was characterized as the “fifth” ribonucleotide in …

The principles of mRNA decoding are conserved among all extant life forms. We present an
integrative view of all the interaction networks between mRNA, tRNA and rRNA: the intrinsic …

Protein homeostasis of bacterial cells is maintained by coordinated processes of protein
production, folding, and degradation. Translational efficiency of a given mRNA depends on …

Modified nucleotides in tRNA are critical components of the translation apparatus, but their
importance in the process of translational regulation had until recently been greatly …

Covalent nucleotide modifications in noncoding RNAs affect a plethora of biological
processes, and new functions continue to be discovered even for well-known modifying …

Both, DNA and RNA nucleoside modifications contribute to the complex multi-level
regulation of gene expression. Modified bases in tRNAs modulate protein translation rates in …

Entire reconstitution of tRNAs for active protein production in a cell-free system brings
flexibility into the genetic code engineering. It can also contribute to the field of cell-free …