Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most, if not
all, forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the TGF-β isoform, TGF-β1, or its …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been widely recognized as an important risk factor for the
occurrence and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Even milder AKI has adverse …

Obesity has been described as a global epidemic and is a low-grade chronic inflammatory
disease that arises as a consequence of energy imbalance. Obesity increases the risk of …

Chronic diabetes is associated with metabolic and haemodynamic stresses which can
facilitate modifications to DNA, proteins and lipids, induce cellular dysfunction and damage …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a chronic complication of diabetes, is charecterized by
glomerular hypertrophy, proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration, and renal fibrosis …

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end‐stage kidney disease worldwide but
current treatments remain suboptimal. This review examines the evidence for inflammation …

Fibrosis of the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments is a common feature of chronic
kidney disease leading to end-stage renal failure. This fibrotic process involves a number of …

Two specific genetic variants of the apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene are responsible for the
high rate of kidney disease in people of recent African ancestry. Expression in cultured cells …

Liensinine is mainly derived from alkaloids extracted and isolated from lotus seeds
(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn). It possesses anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant, according to …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication in diabetes and
one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. The standard treatments for patients …