The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is a specialized vascular structure tightly regulating central
nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Endothelial cells are the central component of the BBB …

Astrocytes are key homeostatic regulators in the central nervous system and play important
roles in physiology. After brain damage caused by eg, status epilepticus, traumatic brain …

Because it lacks a lymphatic circulation, the brain must clear extracellular proteins by an
alternative mechanism. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) functions as a sink for brain …

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is one of the most abundant molecules in the brain and is particularly
prevalent in astrocytic membranes at the blood-brain and brain-liquor interfaces. While …

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that selectively affects
optic nerves and spinal cord. It is considered a severe variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), and …

1. The blood–brain barrier is essential for the maintenance and regulation of the neural
microenvironment. The main characteristic features of blood–brain barrier endothelial cells …

The water permeability of biological membranes has been a longstanding problem in
physiology, but the proteins responsible for this remained unknown until discovery of the …

Brain function is inextricably coupled to water homeostasis. The fact that most of the volume
between neurons is occupied by glial cells, leaving only a narrow extracellular space …

Water is the most important component of all organisms and is the basis of all life. That water
can pass through cell membranes has long been known-but how is the selective transport of …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by frameshift mutations in the DMD gene
that prevent the body-wide translation of its protein product, dystrophin. Besides a severe …