Venous congestion has emerged as an important cause of renal dysfunction in patients with
cardiorenal syndrome. However, only limited progress has been made in differentiating this …

The role of venous congestion in abnormal kidney function is being increasingly recognized.
It is well known that unresolved congestion is associated with adverse kidney and overall …

The management of complex fluid and electrolyte disorders is central to the practice of
nephrologists. The sensitivity of physical examination alone to determine fluid status is …

Background: Lingering congestion portends poor outcomes in patients with heart failure
(HF) and is a key target in their management. Studies have shown that physical exam has …

Organ dysfunction in the setting of heart failure is mainly determined by backward
transmission of increased right atrial pressure. Although traditional point-of-care ultrasound …

Introduction: Optimal method for noninvasive assessment of venous congestion remains an
unresolved issue. Portal vein (PV) and intrarenal venous flow alterations are markers of …

Despite the widespread use of intravenous fluids in acute kidney injury (AKI), solid evidence
is lacking. Intravenous fluids mainly improve AKI due to true hypovolaemia, which is difficult …

Organ congestion from venous hypertension is an important pathophysiological mechanism
mediating organ injury in several clinical contexts including critical illness, congestive heart …

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is defined as progressive, combined cardiac and renal
dysfunction. In this mini review, a historical note on CRS is presented, the pathomechanisms …

ABSTRACT Point-of-Care Ultrasonography (PoCUS) aims to include a fifth pillar
(insonation) in the classical physical examination in order to obtain images to answer …