Goodpasture's syndrome (GS) is a rare and organ-specific autoimmune disease that is
mediated by anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies and has pathology …

Synthetic immunosuppressive drugs are largely used in immune-related renal diseases and
in kidney transplantation. Most of these drugs have a low therapeutic index (the ratio that …

Extracorporeal treatments have been used since the 1970s in the management of systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE). A randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy of standard …

Cyclophosphamide is a prodrug that is converted to inactive carboxy-cyclophosphamide,
acrolein and phosphoramide mustard, an agent that adds alkyl groups to oxygen and …

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is a rare life-threatening small-
vessel vasculitis that typically affects the capillaries of kidneys and lungs, with most of …

Systemic vasculitis is a rare but severe group of diseases characterized by inflammation and
necrosis of blood vessels. The size of the vessel affected varies among the different forms of …

Glucocorticoids exert anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities by genomic and
nongenomic effects. The classic genomic effects are mediated by cytosolic glucocorticoid …

For many years pregnancy has been contraindicated in patients with SLE, particularly when
kidney involvement was present. Today, pregnancy is no longer considered impossible in …

Glomerulonephritis (GN) refers to a group of renal diseases affecting the glomeruli due to
the damage mediated by immunological mechanisms. A large proportion of the disease …

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is a rare but life-threatening
autoimmune disorder characterized by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with or …