Most molluscs possess shells, constructed from a vast array of microstructures and
architectures. The fully formed shell is composed of calcite or aragonite. These CaCO3 …

This monograph presents a general mathematical theory for biological growth. It provides
both a conceptual and a technical foundation for the understanding and analysis of …

The causes of heterogeneity in evolutionary rates are a key question in macroevolution.
Origination and extinction rates are closely related to abiotic factors, such as climate 1, 2 and …

Snails are model organisms for studying the genetic, molecular, and developmental bases
of left–right asymmetry in Bilateria. However, the development of their typical helicospiral …

A central problem of geometry is the tiling of space with simple structures. The classical
solutions, such as triangles, squares, and hexagons in the plane and cubes and other …

A major goal in evolutionary biology is to characterize and understand the patterns and
processes that shape the evolutionary trajectory of clades through time and space. One …

Most planispirally and regularly coiled ammonoid species show to varying degrees
continuous morphological intraspecific variation of their shell. In many species, individuals …

Synthetic biology dictates the data-driven engineering of biocatalysis, cellular functions, and
organism behavior. Integral to synthetic biology is the aspiration to efficiently find, access …

The idea that physical processes involved in biological development underlie
morphogenetic rules and channel morphological evolution has been central to the rise of …

Scaphitids rank among the commonest and best‐known Late Cretaceous ammonites, yet
many aspects of their palaeobiology are still unresolved. Here, natural moulds and co …