Dopamine is a prototypical neuromodulator that controls circuit function through G protein-
coupled receptor signalling. Neuromodulators are volume transmitters, with release followed …

Neurotransmitters are biochemical molecules that transmit a signal from a neuron across the
synapse to a target cell, thus being essential to the function of the central and peripheral …

Neurotransmitters play essential roles in regulating neural circuit dynamics both in the
central nervous system as well as at the peripheral, including the gastrointestinal tract …

Dopamine (DA) plays a critical role in the brain, and the ability to directly measure
dopaminergic activity is essential for understanding its physiological functions. We therefore …

Dopamine (DA) is a central monoamine neurotransmitter involved in many physiological
and pathological processes. A longstanding yet largely unmet goal is to measure DA …

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are presently a focus of intense research and
hold great potential in expanding the horizons of the bioelectronics industry. The notable …

Norepinephrine (NE) is a key biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter involved in a wide
range of physiological processes. However, its precise dynamics and regulation remain …

Rapid progress in identifying biomarkers that are hallmarks of disease has increased
demand for high-performance detection technologies. Implementation of electrochemical …

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is used with carbon-fiber microelectrodes for the real-
time detection of neurotransmitters on the subsecond time scale. With FSCV, the potential is …

Dopaminergic projection axons from the midbrain to the striatum are crucial for motor
control, as their degeneration in Parkinson disease results in profound movement deficits …