Driver mutations promote initiation and progression of cancer. Pharmacological treatment
can inhibit the action of the mutant protein; however, drug resistance almost invariably …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain
tumour in humans and has a very poor prognosis. The existing treatments have had limited …

Activated EGFR signalling drives tumorigenicity in 50% of glioblastoma (GBM). However,
EGFR-targeting therapy has proven ineffective in treating patients with GBM, indicating that …

Glioblastomas exhibit vast inter-and intra-tumoral heterogeneity, complicating the
development of effective therapeutic strategies. Current in vitro models are limited in …

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are crucial coordinators of intracellular
signalling in response to the extracellular stimulators. Hyperactivation of PI3K signalling …

Amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its active mutant EGFRvIII
occurs frequently in glioblastoma (GBM). While EGFR and EGFRvIII play critical roles in …

Abstract Each year, about 5–6 cases out of 100,000 people are diagnosed with primary
malignant brain tumors, of which about 80% are malignant gliomas (MGs). Glioblastoma …

Glioblastoma (WHO grade IV astrocytoma) is the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults,
representing a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms that are among the most …

It is clear that exosomes (endosome derived vesicles) serve important roles in cellular
communication both locally and distally and that the exosomal process is abnormal in …

Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common malignant glioma of all the brain tumors
and currently effective treatment options are still lacking. GBM is frequently accompanied …