Cardiac stress can induce morphological, structural and functional changes of the heart,
referred to as cardiac remodeling. Myocardial infarction or sustained overload as a result of …

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and stimulates the production of atrial and brain
natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP). 10 Augmented shortening and increased heart rate …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health epidemic that increases risk of death due to
cardiovascular disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important mechanism of …

Endothelin (ET) peptides and their receptors are intimately involved in the physiological
control of systemic blood pressure and body Na homeostasis, exerting these effects through …

Neuregulins (ie neuregulin-1 (NRG1), also called neu differentiation factor, heregulin, glial
growth factor, and acetylcholine receptor-inducing activity) are known to induce growth and …

Cardiac hypertrophy is a well known response to increased hemodynamic load. Mechanical
stress is considered to be the trigger inducing a growth response in the overloaded …

▪ Abstract This review discusses the rapidly progressing field of cardiomyocyte signal
transduction and the regulation of the hypertrophic response. When stimulated by a wide …

Diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains starved for nitrogen undergo a developmental
transition from a colonial form of growth to a filamentous pseudohyphal form. This …

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) has been shown to regulate cell and organ size in
Drosophila, but the role of PI3K in vertebrates in vivo is not well understood. To examine the …

Objective: We sought to determine whether angiotensin II (Ang II) promotes hypertrophy of
cardiac myocytes directly or via paracrine mechanisms mediated by cardiac fibroblasts …