Our understanding of vertebrate origins is powerfully informed by comparative morphology,
embryology and genomics of chordates, hemichordates and echinoderms, which together …

Echinoderms are a major group of invertebrate deuterostomes that have been an important
component of marine ecosystems throughout the P hanerozoic. Their fossil record extends …

Acorn worms, also known as enteropneust (literally,'gut-breathing') hemichordates, are
marine invertebrates that share features with echinoderms and chordates. Together, these …

Gas exchange and ion regulation at gills have key roles in the evolution of vertebrates,,–.
Gills are hypothesized to have first acquired these important homeostatic functions from the …

Hemichordate worms possess ciliated gills on their trunk, and the homology of these
structures with the pharyngeal gill slits of chordates has long been a topic of debate in the …

We studied the structure of digestive system of deep-sea torquaratorid Quatuoralisia
malakhovi including the food-obtaining apparatus, microanatomy of all regions of digestive …

Background The combination of a meager fossil record of vermiform enteropneusts and their
disparity with the tubicolous pterobranchs renders early hemichordate evolution conjectural …

Hemichordates are a marine group that, apart from one monospecific pelagic larval form, are
represented by the vermiform enteropneusts and minute colonial tube-dwelling …

Our understanding of vertebrate origins and the backbone of human history evolves with
each new fossil find and DNA map. Many species have now had their genomes sequenced …

Hemichordates are a deuterostome phylum, the sister group to echinoderms, and closely
related to chordates. They have thus been used to gain insights into the origins of …