Between now and 2030, every country will experience population ageing—a trend that is
both pronounced and historically unprecedented. Over the past six decades, countries of the …

Vaccination has led to remarkable health gains over the last century. However, large
coverage gaps remain, which will require significant financial resources and political will to …

We discuss and review literature on the macroeconomic effects of epidemics and pandemics
since the late twentieth century. First, we cover the role of health in driving economic growth …

Africa is poised on the edge of a potential takeoff to sustained economic growth. This takeoff
can be abetted by a demographic dividend from the changes in population age structure …

The share of the population aged 60 and over is projected to increase in nearly every
country in the world during the period 2005–50. Population ageing will tend to lower both …

We develop and calibrate a dynamic production function model to assess how
noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) will affect US productive capacity in 2015–2050. In this …

We estimate the effect of fertility on female labor force participation in a panel of countries
using abortion legislation as an instrument for fertility. We find that removing legal …

Trade openness, high savings rates, human capital accumulation, and macroeconomic
policy only accounted for part of the 1965–1990 growth performance in East Asia …

Transitions from high mortality and fertility to low mortality and fertility can be beneficial to
economies as large baby boom cohorts enter the workforce and save for retirement, while …

We study whether and how a country's environmental, social, and governance (ESG)
performance relates to its sovereign borrowing costs in international capital markets. We …