Fasting is a component of many species' life history due to environmental factors or
behavioral patterns that limit access to food. Despite metabolic and physiological challenges …

Reperfusion injury follows ischemia/reperfusion events occurring during myocardial
infarction, stroke, embolism, and other peripheral vascular diseases. Decreased blood flow …

Migrating birds perform extraordinary endurance flights, up to 200 h non-stop, at a very high
metabolic rate and while fasting. Such an intense and prolonged physical activity is normally …

Most animal species experience periods of food deprivation and many periodically forgo
foraging in favor of other activities such as migration and reproduction. Pinnipeds—seals …

While diving, seals are exposed to apnea-induced hypoxemia and repetitive cycles of
ischemia/reperfusion. While on land, seals experience sleep apnea, as well as prolonged …

Background Oxidative stress (OS) plays a major role on tissue function. Several catabolic or
stress conditions exacerbate OS, inducing organ deterioration. Haptoglobin (Hp) is a …

Marine mammals such as northern elephant seals (NES) routinely experience hypoxemia
and ischemia-reperfusion events to many tissues during deep dives with no apparent …

Extended breath-hold (apnea) bouts are routine during diving and sleeping in seals. These
apneas result in oxygen store depletion and blood flow redistribution towards obligatory …

Immune defenses are crucial for survival but costly to develop and maintain. Increased
immune investment is therefore hypothesized to trade-off with other life-history traits. Here …

While foraging, marine mammals undertake repetitive diving bouts. When the animal
surfaces, reperfusion makes oxygen readily available for the electron transport chain, which …