Insects thrive in diverse ecological niches in large part because of their highly sophisticated
olfactory systems. Over the last two decades, a major focus in the study of insect olfaction …

Simple Summary Carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs) represent a family of enzymes
distributed in many organisms, including insects. Despite their relatively simple catalyzed …

With less than a million neurons, the western honeybee Apis mellifera is capable of complex
olfactory behaviors and provides an ideal model for investigating the neurophysiology of the …

Carboxylesterases are one of the major enzyme families involved in the detoxification of
pyrethroids. Up-regulation of carboxylesterase genes is thought to be a major component of …

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are small soluble proteins that are thought to transport
hydrophobic odorants across the aqueous sensillar lymph to olfactory receptors. A recent …

Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous key enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of
glutathione to xenobiotic compounds in the detoxification process. GSTs have been …

Insects have evolved an extremely sensitive olfactory system that is essential for a series of
physiological and behavioral activities. Some carboxylesterases (CCEs) comprise a major …

Carboxylesterase-mediated metabolism is one of major mechanisms involved in insecticide
resistance. Our previous study has identified multiple carboxylesterase genes with their …

Olfaction is one of the physiological traits of insect behavior. Insects have evolved a
sophisticated olfactory system and use a combined coding strategy to process general odor …

Insect antennae play a fundamental role in perceiving and recognizing a broad spectrum of
conventional semiochemicals and host plant-derived odors. As such, genes that are tightly …