While for a century therapeutics has been dominated by small molecules, ie organic
chemicals of~ 400Da absorbable via the gut, this is no longer the case. There are now a …

Background: During the past years biologic agents (also termed biologicals or biologics)
have become a crucial treatment option in immunological diseases. Numerous articles have …

Background Anti-cytokine therapies such as adalimumab, tocilizumab, and the small
molecule JAK inhibitor tofacitinib have proven that cytokines and their subsequent …

Background Since initial approval for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rituximab
has been evaluated in clinical trials involving various populations with RA. Information has …

The introduction of biologics, especially tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, has
revolutionized the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, at least one …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder with multifactorial etiology; both
genetic and environmental factors are known to be involved in pathogenesis. Treatment with …

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab plus methotrexate (MTX) versus
MTX alone in preventing structural joint damage and improving physical function and …

Objective. Final evaluation of the longterm safety of rituximab (RTX) in rheumatoid arthritis
(RA) up to 11 years. Methods. Pooled observed case analysis of data from patients with …

Objectives Rituximab is an effective treatment in patients with established rheumatoid
arthritis (RA). The objective of the IMAGE study was to determine the efficacy of rituximab in …

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that often leads to
joint damage. The mechanisms of bone damage in RA are complex, involving activation of …