The cells of multicellular organisms receive extracellular signals using surface receptors.
The extracellular domains (ECDs) of cell surface receptors function as interaction platforms …

MYB transcription factors (TFs) have been reported to regulate the biosynthesis of
secondary metabolites, as well as to mediate plant adaption to abiotic stresses, including …

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important regulators that control myriad aspects of plant growth
and development, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, such that modulating BR …

Adjusting the microenvironment around the cell surface is critical to responding to external
cues or endogenous signals and to maintaining cell activities. In plant cells, the plasma …

High temperature adversely affects plant growth and development. The steroid
phytohormones brassinosteroids (BRs) are recognized to play important roles in plant heat …

All biological functions evolve by fixing beneficial mutations and removing deleterious ones.
Therefore, continuously fixing and removing the same essential function to separately …

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in host defense against
pathogens and are often activated by upstream plasma membrane leucine‐rich repeat …

The grapevine downy mildew pathogen Plasmopara viticola secretes a set of RXLR
effectors (PvRXLRs) to overcome host immunity and facilitate infection, but how these …

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones, which regulate various processes
during plant life cycle. Intensive studies conducted with genetic, physiological and molecular …

DNA damage response is a fundamental mechanism to maintain genome stability. The ATR-
WEE1 kinase module plays a central role in response to replication stress. Although the ATR …