Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is generally characterized by inefficient viral
transmission; an acute phase of intense viral replication and dissemination to lymphoid …

Type I interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines specialized to coordinate immunity to
viruses and other intracellular infections. In the past several years, many of the receptors …

The HIV-1 pandemic is a complex mix of diverse epidemics within and between countries
and regions of the world, and is undoubtedly the defining public-health crisis of our time …

Immune tolerance to tumors is often associated with accumulation of myeloid-derived
suppressor cells (MDSC) and an increase in the number of T-regulatory cells (Treg). In …

The AID/APOBECs, a group of cytidine deaminases, represent a somewhat unusual protein
family that can insert mutations in DNA and RNA as a result of their ability to deaminate …

One of the features of primate immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs and SIVs) that distinguishes
them from other retroviruses is the array of" accessory" proteins they encode. Here, we …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for the generation and the regulation of adaptive immunity.
Because DCs have a pivotal role in marshalling immune responses, HIV has evolved ways …

This book grew out of a scientific review, originally published in Microbiological Reviews. It
has been updated and expanded-now citing more than 2100 references (100 pages of the …

Combination antiretroviral therapy, despite being potent and life-prolonging, is not curative
and does not eradicate HIV-1 infection since interruption of treatment inevitably results in a …

Retroviruses have evolved effective strategies to evade the host immune response, such as
high variability and latent infection. In addition, primate lentiviruses, such as HIV-1, have …