Vegetation structural complexity (VSC)—the three‐dimensional distribution of plants within
an ecosystem—is an important ecological trait. To date, research has focused primarily on …

Global biodiversity is threatened by unprecedented and increasing anthropogenic
pressures, including habitat loss and fragmentation. LiDAR can become a decisive …

The three‐dimensional (3D) physical aspects of ecosystems are intrinsically linked to
ecological processes. Here, we describe structural diversity as the volumetric capacity …

Fires are usually seen as a threat for biodiversity conservation in the Mediterranean, but
natural afforestation after abandonment of traditional land uses is leading to the …

Aim Empirical biodiversity–forest structure relationships (BSRs) underlie the use of forest
structure as a remotely sensible proxy of biodiversity. However, little is known about how …

Climate change and increasing human activities are impacting ecosystems and their
biodiversity. Quantitative measurements of essential biodiversity variables (EBV) and …

Browsing damages to young trees can have lasting impacts on forest structure. Roe deer
(Capreolus capreolus), the most common and widespread large herbivore in central Europe …

Remote sensing can provide continuous spatiotemporal information about vegetation to
inform wildlife habitat estimates, but these methods are often limited in availability or lack …

A forest's structure changes as it progresses through developmental stages from
establishment to old-growth forest. Therefore, the vertical structure of old-growth forests will …

The species–area relationship (SAR) is a common pattern in which diversity increases with
the area sampled, but ecosystems are three‐dimensional (3D) and diversity–volume …